Biomedical Instrumentation Premium Lecture Notes - Lavanya Edition

Biomedical Instrumentation (All Units) Handwritten Premium Lecture Notes, Prepared by Lavanya. Specially for Engineering Candidates. Syllabus Covered based on Anna University B.E Electrical and Electronics Engineering Seventh Semester.

Syllabus :

BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

UNIT-1 (pages: 23) : PHYSIOLOGY AND TRANSDUCERS

UNIT-2 (pages: 17) : ELECTRO PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS

UNIT-3 (pages: 14) : NON ELECTRICAL PARAMETER MEASUREMENTS

UNIT-4 (pages: 11) : MEDICAL IMAGING

UNIT-5 (pages: 21) : ASSISTING AND THERAPEUTIC EQUIPMENTS

Content :

UNIT-1

PHYSIOLOGY AND TRANSDUCERS

Cell and its structure

Water

Electrolyte

Protein

Liquids

Carbohydrates

Transport of ion through the cell membrane

Resting and action potential

Characteristics of resting potential

Polarization

Action potential

Nervous system

Different types of human body

1. Skeletal system
2. Circulatory system
3. Respiratory system
4. Digestive system
5. Excretory system
6. Regulatory system
7. Reproductive system
8. Muscular system

Cardiovascular system

Basic components of biomedical system

Transducers

Classification

1. Magnetic induction type transducers
2. Piezo electric type transducers
3. Photovoltaic type transducers
4. Thermo electric type transducers

Ultrasonic transducers

Types

1. Magneto strictive
2. Piezo electric ultrasonic transducers

Temperature measurement

Fibre optic temperature sensors

Fibre optic sensors

Types of optical fibre sensor

1. Photometric
2. Physical
3. Chemical

UNIT-2

ELECTRO PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS

Electrodes

Ionic potential

Half cell or electrode potential

Types of electrodes

1. Micro electrode
2. Depth and needle electrode
3. Surface electrode

Amplifier

ECG

Types of amplifier

1. Inverting
2. Non inverting
3. Differential amplifier
4. Isolation amplifier
5. Chopper amplifier

ECG waveform

ECG lead configuration

Bipolar limb lead standard lead

Augmental unipolar limb lead

Unipolar cheast lead

ECG recordings setup method

EEG

EMG

Recording setup

Latency

ERG

Electrical safety in medical environment

1.  macro shock
2. Micro shock

UNIT-3

NON ELECTRICAL PARAMETER MEASUREMENTS

Measurement of blood pressure

Blood flow meter

Types of flow meter

1. Electromagnetic
2. Ultrasonic blood flow meter
3. Laser based Doppler blood flow meter

Fick’s method

Indicator dilution method

Types

1. Open circulation method
2. Closed circulation method

Heart rate and heart sound

Lung volume capacities

Spiro meter

Photo plethysmography

Blood pressure measurements

Blood gas analysis

PH measurements

BSR and GSR measurements

UNIT-4

MEDICAL IMAGING

Radio graphic and fluoroscopic technology

Properties of electromagnetic waves

X- ray radiation

Block diagram of an X – ray machine

Application of  X- ray

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

Ultrasonar imaging system

Application

Display

Block diagram of ultra sonic

Thermography

Biotelemetry system

Radiotelemetry system

1. Single channel telemetry system
2. Multi channel telemetry system

Requirement of patient monitoring system

Process involves biometric

UNIT-5

ASSISTING AND THERAPEUTIC EQUIPMENTS

Pacemakers

Types

1. Internal pacemaker
2. External pacemaker

Based on mode of operation

Demand pacemaker

Components of pacemaker

Specification of pacemaker

Methods of simulation pacemaker

Difference between internal and external pacemaker

Pacemaker batteries

Bio mechanical power generation

Defibrillators

Types

1. AC defibrillators
2. DC defibrillators
3. Dual peak DC defibrillators

Ventilators

Methods of artificial respiration

1. Mechanical
2. Non mechanical

Ventilators classification

Nerve and muscular simulators

Types of simulators

Lithotripry

Plasma explosion method

Electromagnetic system or electro dynamic method