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Environmental Science and Engineering (3 Units) Premium Lecture Notes - Niranjan Kumar Edition

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Environmental Science and Engineering (3 Units) Premium Lecture Notes - Niranjan Kumar Edition

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Environmental Science and Engineering (Units 1,2 and 3) Handwritten Premium Lecture Notes, Prepared by Lecture Niranjan Kumar. Specially for Engineering Candidates. Syllabus Covered based on Anna University Fifth Semester R2008 Regulation (All Departments).

Regular Price: Rs.40.00

Special Price Rs.20.00

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Environmental Science and Engineering (Units 1,2 and 3) Handwritten Premium Lecture Notes, Prepared by Lecture Niranjan Kumar. Specially for Engineering Candidates. Syllabus Covered based on Anna University Fifth Semester R2008 Regulation (All Departments).

Content :

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

UNIT-1

ENVIRONMENTAL ECO SYSTEM AND BIO DIVERSITY

Scope

  1. Environmental studies
  2. Environmental science
  3. Environmental engineering

ECO SYSTEM

Types of eco system

  1. Terrestrial ecosystem
  2. Aquatic ecosystem

Terrestrial ecosystem

  1. Forest ecosystem
  2. Grassland ecosystem
  3. Desert ecosystem
  4. Artificial ecosystem

Aquatic ecosystem

Structure and function of an ecosystem

  1. Abiotic components
  2. Biotic components

Classification of biotic components

  1. Producers
  2. Consumers

Primary consumers

Secondary consumers

Tertiary consumers

  1. Decomposer

Function of the ecosystem

  1. Food chain
  2. Photosynthesis
  3. Food chain

Energy flow in the ecosystem

First law of thermodynamics

Second law of thermodynamics

Nitrogen cycle

Natural fixation

Nitrification

Denitrification

Ecological succession process

Community

  1. Pioneer community
  2. Sere
  3. Climax community

Characteristics of ecological successions

Primary succession

Secondary succession

Process of succession

  1. Facilitation
  2. Inhibition
  3. Tolerance

Forest ecosystem

Classification

  1. Tropical rain forest
  2. Tropical deciduous forest
  3. Tropical scrub forest
  4. Temperature rain forest
  5. Temperature deciduous forest

Features of forest

Characteristics of forest ecosystem

Structure and function of forest ecosystem

  1. Abiotic components
  2. Biotic components
    1. Producers
    2. Consumers
      1. Primary consumers
      2. Secondary consumers
      3. Tertiary consumers
      4. Decomposers

GRASS LAND ECOSYSTEM

Introduction

Structures and function of the grass land ecosystem

  1. Abiotic components
  2. Biotic components

DESERT ECOSYSTEM

Introduction

Characteristics of desert ecosystem

POND ECOSYSTEM

Introduction

Stream and river ecosystem

Ocean ecosystem

Characteristic features of ocean ecosystem

Structure and function of ocean ecosystem

Producers

Phytoplankton

Consumers

Decomposers

ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEM

Bio diversity

Significance of bio diversity

Levels of bio diversity

Genetic diversity

Species diversity

Ecosystem diversity

Value of bio diversity

  1. Direct values
  2. Social values
  3. Ethical values
  4. Aesthetic values
  5. Option values

BIODIVERSITY AT NATIONAL LEVEL

Treats to bio-diversity

Factors

  1. Fragmentation
  2. Production of drungs
  3. Deforestation
  4. Destruction of wet lands
  5. Illegal trades
  6. Development activities

Poaching of wild life

  1. Commercial poaching
  2. Subsistence poaching

Man-wild life conflicts

Conservation of bio-diversity

Conservation of wild life

Conservation of forest

IN-SITU conservation

 

UNIT-2

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Classification of pollution

AIR POLLUTION

Composition of the atmosphere

Sources of air pollution

  1. Natural sources
  2. Man made activities

Classification of air pollution

  1. Primary pollutants
  2. Secondary pollutants

Common air pollutants sources

  1. Carbon monoxide
  2. Nitrogen dioxide
  3. Sulphur dioxide
  4. Suspended patiiculate matter
  5. Ozone
  6. Hydrocarbons

Control measure of air pollution

Chemical and photo chemical reaction in the atmosphere

  1. Formation of smog
  2. Types of smog
  3. London smog
  4. Los angle smog
  5. Health and environment effects of smog

Remedial measure of smog

ACID RAIN

Effects of acid rain

Acid rain on building

Control measure of acid rain

Oxygen and ozone chemistry

Production of oxygen

  1. Photochemical dissociation
  2. Photosynthesis
  3. Industrial production

Ozone chemistry

Production of ozone

Importance of ozone layer

Effects of ozone layer depletion

Measurements of ozone

Properties of terrestrial and marine water

Types

  1. Standing water bodies
  2. Flowing water bodies

Water quality parameters

Physical parameters

Chemical parameters

WATER POLLUTION

Sources of water pollution

Testing of river water

Biochemical oxygen demand

Chemical oxygen demand

Control measure of water pollution

Treatment process

Preliminary treatment

Primary treatment

Absorption of heavy metals

Sources of heavy metals in the environments

Removal of heavy metals by absorption

Advantages

Disadvantages

Ion exchange

  1. Cation exchanger
  2. Anion exchanger

Soil pollution

Sources

  1. Industrial wastes
  2. Urban wastes
  3. Agricultural waste
  4. Radioactive waste
  5. Biological waste

Control measures of soil pollution

Soil waste managements

Types

Sources of urban waste

Effects of solids waste

Process of solid waste

Composting

Marine pollution

Coral reefs

Control measure of marine pollution

Noise pollution

Sources and types of noise

Industrial noise

Transport noise

Effects of noise pollution

Control measures

Thermal pollution

Sources

Effects of thermal pollution

Nuclear hazards

 

UNIT-3

NATURAL RESOURECES

Types

Renewable resources

  1. Continuous
  2. Extrinsic

Non-renewable resources

Forest resources

Types

  1. Evergreen forest
  2. Deciduous forest
  3. Coniferous forest

Function of forest

Benefits of forest

Ecological uses

Over exploitation of forest

Causes

Effects

DEFORESTATION

Impact of deforestation

Prevention measure for forest

TIMBER EXTRACTION

Uses of timber

Effects of timber extraction

MINING

Types

  1. Surface mining
  2. Underground mining

Dams and their effects on forest and tribal people

Effects of DAM on forest

Water resources

Hydrological cycle

Evaporation

  1. Transpiration and respiration
  2. Condensation and precipitation

Benefits

Problems

Minerals resources

Formation of mineral deposites

Various biological process

Classification

Uses of minerals

Effects of minerals resources

Food resources

Types of food supply

  1. Croplands
  2. Rangelands
  3. Oceans

Major food sources

World food problems

Under nutrition and malnutrition

Changes caused by overgrazing and agriculture

Effects

Agriculture

Types of agriculture

  1. Traditional
  2. Modern

effects

Additional Information

Additional Information

Pages 100
Author Niranjan Kumar
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