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High Voltage Engineering Lecture Notes (Five Units) Premium Lecture Notes - Sijo and Niranjan Edition

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High Voltage Engineering Lecture Notes (Five Units) Premium Lecture Notes - Sijo and Niranjan Edition
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High Voltage Engineering Handwritten Premium Lecture Notes, Prepared by Lecture Niranjan Kumar and Sijo. Specially for Electrical and Electronics Engineering Candidates. Syllabus Covered based on Anna University Sixth Semester R2008 Regulation.
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High Voltage Engineering Handwritten Premium Lecture Notes, Prepared by Lecture Niranjan Kumar and Sijo. Specially for Electrical and Electronics Engineering Candidates. Syllabus Covered based on Anna University Sixth Semester R2008 Regulation.

Content :

HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING

UNIT-1

OVER VOLTAGES IN ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM

Introduction

Application of high voltages

Structure of power station

Components of electrical power system

  1. Generator
  2. Transformer
  3. Transmission line

Need for EHV transmission

Advantages

Limitation

Internal over voltages

Charge formation in the cloud

Simpson’s theory

Reynold and mason theory

Mechanism of lightings

Switching surges and temporary over voltages

Source of switching surges

Characteristics of switching surges

Shunt reactor

Causes for power frequency over voltages

Sudden load rejection

Ferranti effects

Unsymmentrical faults

Saturation of transformer

Tap changing operation

Protection against over voltages

Types of faults

Ground wire

Valve type lighting arrester

 

UNIT-2

ELECTRICAL BREAKDOWN IN GASES, SOILDS AND LIQUIDS

Gaseous breakdown

Insulating materials

Discharge in gas

Townsend’s first ionization co-efficient

Streamer mechanism

Meek’s expression

Paschen’s law

Corona inception field

Formation of negative corona

Positive plane corona

Formation of streamer

Breakdown in non-uniform fields

Vaccum breakdown

Classification of vaccum

Breakdown process in vaccum

Particle exchange mechanism

Field emission theory

Clump mechanism

Use of liquid dielectrics

Classification

  1. Transformer oil
  2. Synthetic hydrocarbons
  3. Chlorination hydro carbons
  4. Silicon oils
  5. Esters
  6. Latest developments

Characteristics of liquid dielectrics

Electrical properties

  1. Permittivity
  2. Resistivity
  3. Power factor
  4. Dielectric strength

Heat transfer characteristics

Chemical stability

Pure liquids

Commercial liquids

  1. Purification
  2. Breakdown tests

Electronic breakdown

Breakdown mechanism

Classification of BD in commercial liquids

  1. Suspended particle mechanism
  2. Cavitation and bubble mechanism
  3. Thermal mechanism
  4. Stressed oil volume mechanism

Breakdown in solid dielectrics

Properties of solid dielectrics

Intrinsic breakdown

Breakdown mechanism

Electronic breakdown

Avalanche breakdown

Electromechanical breakdown

Thermal breakdown

Oxidation

Hydrolysis

Chemical action

Tracking

Two types of breakdown mechanism

  1. Short term breakdown
  2. Long term breakdown

 

UNIT-3

GENERATION OF HIGH VOLTAGE AND CURRENTS

High voltage transmission

Advantages

Disadvantages

Application

Generation of high direct current DC voltages

Half wave and full wave rectifier

Voltage doubler circuits

Cascaded voltages doubler circuits

Electrostatic machines

Van de groff generation

Principle

Electrostatic generation

Cascaded transformer

Resonant transformer

Analysis of output waveform

Generation of impulse voltages

Wave shape control

Multistage impulse generation

Generation of switching surges

Production of switching surges

 

UNIT-4

MEASUREMENTS OF HIGH VOLTAGES AND HIGH CURRENTS

Measurements of high DC voltages

Resistance potential divides for DC voltages

Generating voltmeter

Principle of operation

Measurements of high AC voltages

Series impedance voltmeter

Series capacitance voltmeter

Capacitance potential divider

Electrostatic voltmeter

Peak reading AC voltmeter

Types

  1. Series capacitor peak voltmeter
  2. Digital peak voltmeter
  3. Peak voltmeter with potential divider

Modified peak voltmeter

Sphere gap measurement

Sphere gap construction

Uniform field electrodes , gaps

Rod gaps

Capacitance voltages divides

Peak reading voltmeter for impulse voltages

Measurements of high DC , AC and impulse currents

Solved problems

 

UNIT-5

HIGH VOLTAGE TESTING AND INSULATION CO-ORDINATION

Testing with power frequency voltages

Testing with lighting impulse voltages

Testing with switching impulse

DC voltages

  1. Type test
  2. Routine test

Testing of insulation

Surge arresters

  1. Spark gap
  2. The non-linear resistor diodes

Types

  1. Rod arrester
  2. Horn gap arresters
  3. Multi gap arrester
  4. Expulsion arrester
  5. Valve type arrester

 Testing of surge arresters

Testing of transformer

  1. Partial discharge test

Impulse testing of transformer

Testing of cables

Preparation of the cables samples

Testing of isolation and circuit breakers

Direct testing

Synthetic testing

Composite testing

Unit testing

Testing of bushing

Test on bushing

  1. Power factor test
  2. Partial discharge test
  3. One minute wet withstand test
  4. Impulse withstand test
  5. Chopped wave and switching surge test
  6. Temperature rise test
  7. Thermal stability test

Insulation co-ordination

Basic requirements

Basic impulse insulation level

Withstand voltages

Critical flash over voltages

Selection of surge divider

Separation limit for lighting arrester

Insulation coordination of substation

Direct strokes and back flash over

Equipment insulation level

Indian and international standard specification

Additional Information

Additional Information

Pages 163
Author NIRANJAN KUMAR
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