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Details
Surveying Full Hand Written Lecture Notes from Reputed Institutions and Faculties. Useful for Civil Engineers , Specially for Candidates Appearing for GATE Exams , IES Exams and PSUS Exams.
Content :
Introduction
Types of surveying
1. Geodetic survey
2. Plane survey
Principle of surveying
Scale
Types of scale
Plane scaleVerniear scale
1. Direct verniear
2. Indirect verniearLeast count
Shrunk scale
Ground length
Shrunk scale
Shrinkage factorTAPE CORRECTION
1. Correction due to standardization
2. Correction due to slope
3. Correction due to alignment
4. Correction due to temperature
5. Correction due to pull applied
6. Due to sagCHAIN SURVEY
Limiting length of offset
Offset method
Error in effect
COMPASS SURVEYSystem of angle measurement
1. Most commonly used
2. Centesimal system
3. Hour systemRelation
Meridian
True meridian
Magnetic meridian
Declination
Angle of dipSystem of bearing measurement
1. WCB method
2. QSB methodLocal attraction
TRANSVERSE SURVEY
Latitude and departure
For a closed traverse
Closing errorMethods for correcting
1. Bowditch method
2. Transit method
3. Graphical method
4. Axis methodLEVELLING
Bench mark
Reduced level
Back sight
Fore sight
Intermediate sight
Height of instruments methods
Rise and fall method
Reciprocal levellingAdjustments
1. Permanent adjusments
2. Temporary adjustmentsError in the instruments
Error in inclinationCorrection due to earth curvature and refraction
1. Horizontal line
2. Level line
3. Correction due to curvatureCorrection due to refraction
Combined correction due to curvature and refraction
Sensitivity of a bubble tube
SensitivenessCONTOURS
1. Contour intervals
Horizontal equivalents
Properties
AREA AND VOLUME
1. Area
2. VolumeTRIGONOMETRICAL LEVELLING
PLANE TABLE SURVEYING
1. Radiation
2. Intersection
3. Traversing
4. ResectionMethods
1. By compass
2. By back orientation
3. Three point problem
4. Two point problemThree point problem
1. Tracing paper method
2. Bessel’s graphical method
3. Lehman;s methodTACHEMETER SURVEYING
Principle of tachometerStaff reading
1. Vertical staff
2. Staff kept normalAngle of elevation
Angle of depressionCURVE
1. Simple angle
2. Radical offset from the tangent
3. Offset from long chordChainage of different points
Setting out of single simple curveTotal deflection angle for different point
1. One theodolite method
2. Two theodolite methodPHOTOGRAMMETRY
Types
Terrestrial
Aerial
Determination of focal length of camera
Horizontal distance between two points
Relief displacement
SURVEYING
Accuracy
Error
Sources of error
Types
Principle of least square
Probable error
Significance
Errors in computed results
Deduction
ASTRONOMY
East and west point
Movement of earth around sun
Co-ordinate system
Angles
Spherical triangle
Napier rule
Time - Additional Information
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Additional Information
Pages 182 Author Aarthi - Reviews
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