Soil Mechanics (SM) Scanned Lecture Notes - Lakshana Edition

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Soil Mechanics (SM) Full Hand Written Lecture Notes from Reputed Institutions and Faculties. Useful for Civil Engineers , Specially for Candidates Appearing for GATE Exams.
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Content :


Soil mechanics 
Geological cycle

Types of soils 
1. Alluvial soil
2. Lacustrine soil
3. Marine soil
4. Aeoline soil 
5. Glacial soil 
6. Colluvial soil 
7. Loess soil 
8. Marl soil
9. Bentonite soil 
10. Tuff soil 
11. Loam soil 
12. Laterite soil 
13. Gumbo soil 
14. Peat soil 
15. Muck soil

Properties of soil 
Void ratio 
Porosity 
Degree of saturation 
Air content 
Percentage air voids 
Unit weight 
Dry unit weight 
Saturated unit 
Submerged unit 
Specific gravity 
Density index
Relative compaction 
Interrelationship b/w properties of soil 
Cubical array 
Rhomohedral array

Index properties of soil 
a. Water content 
b. Sand bath method 
c. Alcohol method 
d. Calcium carbide method 
e. Pycnometer method 
f. Radiation method 
g. Torsional balance method 
h. Specific gravity 
i. Unit weight 
j. Sand replacement method

Particle size distribution 
Sedimentation analysis 
Limitations of stoke’s law
Pipette method

Hydrometer Method 
• Meniscus correction 
• Temperature correction 
• Dispersing agent correction ]


Consistency of soil
Liquid limit 
Plastic limit 
Shrinkage limit
Determination of shrinkage limit 
Shrinkage ratio
Linear shrinkage 
Degree of shrinkage 
Consistency indices 
Relative consistency 
Water consistency 
Toughness index
Sensitivity and thixotrophy 
Activity 
Collapsibility
Classification of soil 
1. Particle size 
2. Textural classification 
3. HRB classification
4. Indian soil classification system 
Coarse grained soils 
Fine grained soils 
Soil structures 
Structures of composite soil 
Clay mineralogy 
Mont morillonite
Illite 
Soil water 
Bulking of sand 
Slaking of clay 
Capillary siphoning 
Frost action 
Stress in soil 
Soil mass with capillary fringe 
Partially saturated soils 
Permeability 
Darcy’s law 
Factors affecting permeability 
Structure of soil 
Determination of permeability 
Laboratory method
Falling head method 
Capillary permeability test 
Field method 
Indirect method 
Loudens method 
Consolidation method 
Seepage 
Seepage pressure 
Flow net and laplace equation 
Determination of hydrostatic pressure 
Stress distribution in soil 
Wastergaards theory 
Strip load method 
New marks method 
Compaction 
Factors affecting compaction 
Rammers 
Vibrators 
Type of soil 
Effect of compaction 
Sheet pile walls 
Stability of slopes
Stability analysis of infinite slopes 
Stability analysis of finite slopes 
Friction circle method 
Compressibility of soil 
Shear strength of soil 
Types of shear 
Shear characteristics of clays 
Foundation engineering 
Types 
Guidelines 
Shallow foundation 
Analytical method 
Soil stabilization 
Soil exploration 
Foundation on expensive soil

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